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1. Introduction

Normally, it is said that the process of European integration that gives rise to the European Union starts after the World War II, although we can find precedents to this process much earlier, because it is clear that the idea of Europe is not typical of the 20th century² . Thus, the regional organizations for European cooperation in the post-war hardship situation after the World War II were the immediate precedent to the process of European integration that began in the 1950s³. In this initial period, it is necessary to highlight several factors that influenced the process. Firstly, the effects of the World War II: the huge death toll; the moral trauma in the face of the flagrant violations of fundamental rights and freedoms; the territorial modifications that took place under the principle of return to the frontiers of 1937 with the resulting population displacements; the need to restructure political systems in many countries; the catalyzing of decolonization processes which are violent in many cases⁴ ; the serious financial effects like the increase of the public debt, the rise of inflation, depletion of gold reserves, scarcity of essential raw materials, lack of means of payment for imports, destruction of infrastructure and urban property, the low levels of production and export; and the bipolarization of the world due to the tension produced between the Western bloc and the Eastern one⁵.

L'articolo Building the Europe of communities. Institutional precedents proviene da Iurisdictio.

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Studio dei fattori essenziali che portarono allo scatenarsi della crisi del sistema politico della Restaurazione: il declino del sistema dei partiti  della Restaurazione. L’ingerenza politica di Alfonso XIII, l’emigrazione in America Latina, l’insoddisfazione dell’esercito, la crescente importanza dei movimenti regionalisti, i conflitti coloniali, la crescente importanza di ideologie come il socialismo, l’anarchismo e, in generale, il movimento operaio, la neutralità del paese durante la prima guerra mondiale, ecc.

Parole chiave: Restaurazione, Crisi del 1917, Prima guerra mondiale, Sciopero generale,

Esercito Study of the essential factors that led to the unleashing of the crisis of the political system of the Restoration: the decline of the Restoration party system. Alfonso XIII’s political interference, emigration to Latin America, the dissatisfaction of the army, the growing importance of regionalist movements, colonial conflicts, the increasing importance of ideologies such as socialism, anarchism and, in general, the workers’ movement, the country’s neutrality during the First World War, etc. 

Keywords: Restoration, 1917 Crisis, World War I, General strike, Army….Continua a leggere

L'articolo The legal-institutional exhaustion of the restorationist model and its manifestations under the government of Eduardo Dato proviene da Iurisdictio.